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During a physical examination,Joe learns that his resting tidal volume is 550 ml; his average resting respiratory rate is 15 breaths per minute; his total lung capacity is 6000 ml; and his anatomic dead space is 150 ml.Joe's resting alveolar ventilation is


A) 72.0 L/min
B) 6.0 L/min
C) 4.2 L/min
D) 1.8 L/min
E) 0.5 L/min

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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The neurons responsible for the cyclic nature of respiratory muscle function are located in the brain stem.

A) True
B) False

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What is one function of the type II alveolar cells?


A) production of surfactant
B) secretion of mucus
C) phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
D) make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
E) lining the pleural space

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following are chemoreceptors?


A) hair cells in the cochlea
B) receptors in the aortic and carotid bodies
C) baroreceptors in the aortic and carotid arch
D) receptors that mediate the Hering-Breuer reflex

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to Boyle's law,the pressure exerted by a constant number of gas molecules in a container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container.Therefore,increasing the volume of the container will cause a decrease in its pressure.

A) True
B) False

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The process of ventilation includes both the transport of gases by bulk flow and the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood.

A) True
B) False

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Which of these correctly describes the chloride shift?


A) In the lungs,chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
B) In the tissues,chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
C) In the tissues,chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
D) In the lungs,chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
E) In the tissues,chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following would cause a decrease in the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?


A) increased pH of the blood
B) increased temperature of the blood
C) decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
D) the presence of carbon monoxide
E) decreased concentration of H+ in the blood

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Regarding the relationships between the rates of oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production and alveolar ventilation,which of these statements is TRUE?


A) Increased ventilation without a similar increase in metabolism is called hypoventilation.
B) In hypoventilation,alveolar PCO2 decreases below resting levels.
C) In hyperventilation,alveolar PCO2 can decrease to zero.
D) A decrease in metabolism without a similar decrease in alveolar ventilation would result in hyperventilation.
E) An increase in ventilation with a matching increase in metabolism is called hyperventilation.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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