Question 1

The urinary bladder is smaller in females because the uterus occupies the space just above the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Tubular secretion is the transfer of substances from blood in the _____ to fluid in the tubular lumen.

Accepted Answer

A)   arcuate vein
B)   afferent arteriole
C)   efferent arteriole
D)   peritubular capillary
E)   renal veinF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 3

People with end-stage renal failure need dialysis therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Identify the factor that promotes reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid of the collecting ducts.

Accepted Answer

A)   renal autoregulation
B)   functional incontinence
C)   micturition reflex
D)   renal plasma clearance
E)   urea recyclingF) A) and E)
G) All of the above E

Question 5

_____ is the water channel protein present in the apical membranes of the principal cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the water channel protein present...

Question 6

A patient is suffering from nephrotic syndrome, and it is found that his urine has an abnormally high level of protein. What is most likely to happen in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)   Net filtration pressure will decrease.
B)   Bowman's space colloid osmotic pressure will decrease.
C)   Plasma colloid osmotic pressure will increase.
D)   Blood volume will increase.
E)   Interstitial fluid volume will increase.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

What happens when the glomerular filtration rate decreases?

Accepted Answer

A)   blood flow to other body tissues may be inhibited
B)   urine output may increase
C)   blood flow into the glomerular capillaries may increase
D)   excretion of waste products may be hindered
E)   afferent arterioles may dilateF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

The image below depicts the nephron and the collecting duct. Identify the portion outlined in red.

Accepted Answer

A)   efferent arteriole
B)   Bowman's corpuscle
C)   loop of Henle
D)   proximal tubule
E)   distal tubuleF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 9

The long loop of Henle functions as a countercurrent multiplier.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the context of glomerular filtration, the pores in the slit membrane permit the passage of molecules with a diameter greater than 7 nm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An alternative to administering inulin to determine the glomerular filtration rate is measuring the

Accepted Answer

A)   creatinine clearance
B)   level of serum creatinine
C)   level of blood urea nitrogen
D)   renal plasma flow
E)   level of insulinF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

The renal medulla is composed of several cone-shaped structures called renal _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The renal medulla is composed of several...

Question 13

The solute concentration of the interstitial fluid in the kidney increases from 300 mosmol/litre in the renal cortex to about 1200 mosmol/litre in the renal medulla. Identify a solute that contributes to this high osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose
B)   creatinine
C)   urea
D)   urobilin
E)   uric acidF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following organs along with kidneys helps adjust the pH of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   skin
B)   lungs
C)   heart
D)   urethra
E)   liverF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Which hormone is released due to low levels of Ca2+ in blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   parathyroid hormone
B)   antidiuretic hormone
C)   aldosterone
D)   angiotensin II
E)   atrial natriuretic peptideF) B) and D)
G) C) and D) A

Question 16

Around 5% of normal urine consists of proteins and blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 17

In the context of hormonal regulation of glomerular filtration rate, stretching of the atria of the heart stimulates the production of atrial _____ _____.

Accepted Answer

natriureti...

Question 18

Identify a characteristic of acute renal failure.

Accepted Answer

A)   high volume of blood
B)   increase in glomerular filtration rate
C)   high production of calcitriol
D)   suppression of urine flow
E)   irreversible decline in kidney functionF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 19

The long loop of Henle maintains the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla by countercurrent exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Increased release of nitric oxide by the juxtaglomerular apparatus causes constriction of afferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: The Urinary System

The urinary bladder is smaller in females because the uterus occupies the space just above the urinary bladder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular secretion is the transfer of substances from blood in the _____ to fluid in the tubular lumen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with end-stage renal failure need dialysis therapy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the factor that promotes reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid of the collecting ducts.

Correct AnswerverifiedE

_____ is the water channel protein present in the apical membranes of the principal cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient is suffering from nephrotic syndrome, and it is found that his urine has an abnormally high level of protein. What is most likely to happen in this scenario?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens when the glomerular filtration rate decreases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The image below depicts the nephron and the collecting duct. Identify the portion outlined in red.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The long loop of Henle functions as a countercurrent multiplier.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of glomerular filtration, the pores in the slit membrane permit the passage of molecules with a diameter greater than 7 nm.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An alternative to administering inulin to determine the glomerular filtration rate is measuring the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal medulla is composed of several cone-shaped structures called renal _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The solute concentration of the interstitial fluid in the kidney increases from 300 mosmol/litre in the renal cortex to about 1200 mosmol/litre in the renal medulla. Identify a solute that contributes to this high osmolarity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organs along with kidneys helps adjust the pH of body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone is released due to low levels of Ca2+ in blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Around 5% of normal urine consists of proteins and blood cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

In the context of hormonal regulation of glomerular filtration rate, stretching of the atria of the heart stimulates the production of atrial _____ _____.

Correct Answerverifiednatriureti...View AnswerShow Answer

Identify a characteristic of acute renal failure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The long loop of Henle maintains the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla by countercurrent exchange.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased release of nitric oxide by the juxtaglomerular apparatus causes constriction of afferent arterioles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Which hormone is released due to low levels of Ca²⁺in blood?

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In the context of hormonal regulation of glomerular filtration rate, stretching of the atria of the heart stimulates the production of atrial _ _.

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