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Inhalants are best defined as


A) a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors.
B) a psychoactive substance found in cigarettes.
C) a synthetic opioid that produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin and that is used in treating heroin addiction.
D) a stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Identify and briefly describe the effects of different classes of substances.

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Alcohol is a central nervous system depr...

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Match the term to the appropriate definition or description. -Substance


A) a hallucinogenic drug also known as ecstasy
B) based on the expectancy model
C) a crystallized form of a stimulant that gives out smoke when heated
D) produces a unpleasant physical reaction in individuals who drink alcohol
E) a non-substance-related disorder involving the persistent urge to gamble
F) produces a sleep-like state
G) a chemical that alters a person's mood or behavior when it is ingested
H) approach to gambling disorder which predicts that there are three main paths leading to three subtypes

I) F) and G)
J) A) and E)

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Match the term to the appropriate definition or description. -Pathways model


A) a hallucinogenic drug also known as ecstasy
B) based on the expectancy model
C) a crystallized form of a stimulant that gives out smoke when heated
D) produces a unpleasant physical reaction in individuals who drink alcohol
E) a non-substance-related disorder involving the persistent urge to gamble
F) produces a sleep-like state
G) a chemical that alters a person's mood or behavior when it is ingested
H) approach to gambling disorder which predicts that there are three main paths leading to three subtypes

I) A) and B)
J) C) and F)

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Substance use disorder is best defined as


A) a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms caused by the continued use of a substance, despite the substance causing significant problems in one's life.
B) the physiological and psychological changes that occur when an individual stops taking a substance after having used the substance for a significant period of time.
C) the set of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological problems caused by nutritional deficiencies.
D) the temporary maladaptive experience of behavioral or psychological changes that are due to the accumulation of a substance in the body.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Adderall and Ritalin are types of


A) amphetamine.
B) methamphetamine.
C) antistimulant.
D) opioid.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Based on evidence from twin studies, the heritability of alcohol dependence is estimated to be


A) 20-30 percent.
B) 50-60 percent.
C) 70-80 percent.
D) 90-100 percent.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Explain the role of cognitive factors in gambling disorder. How relevant is biopsychosocial perspective for understanding gambling disorder?

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Cognitive factors also play an important...

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The physical and psychological changes that occur when an individual stops using a substance are referred to as _____ symptoms.


A) tolerance
B) intoxication
C) withdrawal
D) potentiation

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Match the term to the appropriate definition or description. -Substance intoxication


A) the effect of two drugs taken together is greater than the effect of either drug alone
B) the temporary maladaptive experience of behavioral or psychological changes due to the accumulation of a substance in the body
C) the extent to which the individual requires larger and larger amounts of a substance in order to achieve its desired effects
D) an acute condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet.
E) prescribed to heroin-dependent individuals to help them get control over their addiction with a safer and more controlled reaction
F) a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that an individual continues using a substance even though it causes significant problems in the individual's life.
G) anti-anxiety agents that induce a calmer mental state in the user

H) C) and E)
I) D) and E)

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The sedating effects of anxiolytics are due to the fact that they increase the levels of the neurotransmitter _______________, which inhibits brain activity and produces a calming effect.

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GABA (or g...

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After losing his job during the recession, Bob has taken to heavy drinking. This has caused much damage to his health. At present, he has lost his ability to understand. Though he is able to speak, due to his lack of comprehension his verbal productions seem to have no meaning. He finds it difficult to walk and often loses his balance. Which of the following diagnosis would best fit Bob's condition?


A) Broca's syndrome
B) Cyclothymic disorder
C) Wernicke's disease
D) Bradykinesia

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Based on current rates of illicit drug use, which of the following would you expect to be most likely to use illicit drugs?


A) A 19-year-old female
B) A 19-year-old male
C) A 60-year-old female
D) A 60-year-old male

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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______________ is widely seen as a critical component to treatment of substance use disorders, regardless of whether pharmacotherapy is part of treatment.


A) Psychodynamic psychotherapy
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Social skills training

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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_____ is apsychoactive substance that is a form of opioid, synthesized from morphine.


A) Psilocybin
B) Heroin
C) Nicotine
D) Peyote

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Match the term to the appropriate definition or description. -Anxiolytics


A) the effect of two drugs taken together is greater than the effect of either drug alone
B) the temporary maladaptive experience of behavioral or psychological changes due to the accumulation of a substance in the body
C) the extent to which the individual requires larger and larger amounts of a substance in order to achieve its desired effects
D) an acute condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet.
E) prescribed to heroin-dependent individuals to help them get control over their addiction with a safer and more controlled reaction
F) a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that an individual continues using a substance even though it causes significant problems in the individual's life.
G) anti-anxiety agents that induce a calmer mental state in the user

H) A) and E)
I) A) and D)

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Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals are biased to recollect wins with greater ease than losses?


A) Illusion of control
B) Gambler's fallacy
C) Switching and double switching
D) Inherent memory bias

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Match the term to the appropriate definition or description. -MDMA


A) a hallucinogenic drug also known as ecstasy
B) based on the expectancy model
C) a crystallized form of a stimulant that gives out smoke when heated
D) produces a unpleasant physical reaction in individuals who drink alcohol
E) a non-substance-related disorder involving the persistent urge to gamble
F) produces a sleep-like state
G) a chemical that alters a person's mood or behavior when it is ingested
H) approach to gambling disorder which predicts that there are three main paths leading to three subtypes

I) C) and E)
J) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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Relapse prevention is a treatment method that is based on the _____ model.


A) psychodynamic
B) expectancy
C) classical conditioning
D) diathesis-stress

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Lisa gave into peer pressure and consumed alcohol despite the fact that she was on sleeping pills. As a consequence, she lapsed into a coma. This phenomenon is referred to as


A) cyclothymic disorder.
B) withdrawal.
C) bipolar disorder
D) potentiation.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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