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Exam 11: Behaviorism

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Question 1

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Hull's drive-reduction theory of reinforcement argued that

A) reduction of a drive is required for reinforcement
B) satisfiers strengthen, and annoyers weaken, S-R connections
C) the hypothetico-deductive method generates "cognitive maps"
D) none of these

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 2

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What was Watson's position on the role of consciousness in a science of psychology?

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Question 3

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Classical behaviorism was replaced by information theory and cognitive psychology.

Hunter's procedure of delayed reaction

The work of Russian scientists Sechenov, Bekhterev, and Pavlov was among the antecedents of behaviorism.

Skinner's utopian society, Walden Two, is based on

According to Watson, habits and inborn reflexes are primarily a matter of subvocal speech.

What was Skinner's operational definition of a "reinforcer?"

Contrast Tolman's molar with Hull's molecular approach

Hunter used experiments with delayed reactions and with the temporal maze to study symbolic processes.

What is meant by "physicalism" and by "cgs terms?"

What is "subvocal speech," and what role did it play in the behaviorist school?

Skinner proposed that any stimulus that changes the probability of a preceding response is a reinforcer.

John B. Watson became a prominent behaviorist after a successful career in advertising.

Briefly summarize the history of the behaviorist school during the 20th century

The S-R connection, according to the behaviorists, is

How did the behaviorists contrast instincts and habits?

Watson argued that consciousness is not a legitimate subject for scientific study.

Karl Lashley used his studies of mass action and equipotentiality to demonstrate that learning is a series of chained reflexes.

How did Hunter propose to study symbolic processes in animals?