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Program evaluation tends to focus on __________ issues, while policy analysis focuses on ________ issues.

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A ________ is a vague, abstract term that needs to be further defined before researchers attempt to measure it.


A) Operationalization
B) Sample
C) Concept
D) Term

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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All of the following are elements of the scientific method, as conceived by Wallace (1971) EXCEPT:


A) Observations
B) Hypotheses
C) Theory
D) Sampling

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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What is operationalization?

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Which type of research sets out to improve our knowledge base?


A) Basic
B) Applied
C) Evaluation
D) Policy analysis

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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What is evidence-based practice?

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The term for who or what we plan to study is ____________


A) Population
B) Unit of analysis
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample element

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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B

The __________ is a systematic procedure for doing research.

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Qualitative research has a long tradition in urban anthropology.

A) True
B) False

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Name one form of applied research.

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Policy analysis or program evaluation

Concepts are specific items that are easily measurable.

A) True
B) False

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False

Evidence-based practice has been used regularly throughout the history of criminal justice.

A) True
B) False

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Those who ascribe to scientism believe that all events are unique and warrant chronicling.

A) True
B) False

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______ is the natural science approach to research, while _________ is much more common in the humanities.


A) Historicism, scientism
B) Positivism, historicism
C) Scientism, positivism
D) Historicism, positivism

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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How does a theory differ from a hypothesis?

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A police chief calls you to do research to find out if the new community policing program is effective. What type of research is this?


A) Applied research
B) Program evaluation
C) Pure research
D) A and B

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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_______ is more common in criminal justice and is based on numbers and trends.

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Program evaluation is a process of finding solutions to current or future problems.

A) True
B) False

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A distinguishing feature of qualitative research is its emphasis on numbers.

A) True
B) False

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The scientific method does NOT require researchers to adhere to a strict set of rules.

A) True
B) False

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