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Bacterial cell membranes consist of


A) a single layer of phospholipids.
B) protein molecules embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.
C) glycoprotein,phospholipid and sterols.
D) lipopolysaccharide embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.
E) proteins,peptidoglycan and sterols.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The cell walls of bacteria


A) enable them to be pleomorphic.
B) protect them against penicillin-derived antibiotics.
C) are single layered,but very thick.
D) protect the cells against changes in osmotic pressure.
E) all of the above.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following is TRUE of endospores?


A) They can withstand boiling at 100OC.
B) They are formed under adverse conditions.
C) Only one endospore is formed from each bacterial cell.
D) They consist of DNA enclosed in a spore coat.
E) All of the above.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The Ziehl-Neelson stain is used to


A) observe bacteria which have a waxy outer layer.
B) detect the presence of mycobacteria in sputum.
C) aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
D) stain certain bacteria which do not react with the Gram stain.
E) all of the above.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The passage of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is called


A) active transport.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) filtration.
D) osmosis.
E) none of the above.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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During the stationary phase of bacterial growth


A) the rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death.
B) the lack of nutrients means there is no cell replication.
C) the cells stop growing to produce endospores.
D) the cells are in a resting phase prior to rapid multiplication.
E) all of the above.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following organisms is a normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract,but can cause otitis media and meningitis?


A) Group B streptococci.
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C) Staphylococci.
D) Escherichia coli.
E) Normal inhabitants don't cause disease.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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