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Exam 20: Drugs and Consciousness

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Question 51

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Which of the following is NOT a process of classical conditioning that Pavlov explored?

A) acquisition
B) extinction
C) operant behavior
D) spontaneous recovery

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 52

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Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

A) it highlighted the role of cognitive processes in learning.
B) so many different species of animals,including humans,can be classically conditioned.
C) it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning.
D) all learning depends on respondent behavior.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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In classical conditioning,discrimination refers to the learned ability to distinguish between a ________ and other irrelevant stimuli.

The first time that Liza heard the loud sound of her father's bass drum,she responded with fear.The fear response is most clearly an example of

Respondent behavior is defined as a(n) ________ response to some stimulus.

In classical conditioning,an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response is called a(n)

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone,he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food.As a result,________ occurred.

Carl so strongly associates watching baseball games with eating hot dogs that he habitually eats them while at the ballpark even when he's not hungry.His eating habit best illustrates the impact of

When Jake is with his girlfriend,he feels so in love,happy,and content.Because he and his girlfriend text and talk on the phone frequently throughout the day,Jake has set up a special ring tone for his girlfriend.Now,when he hears the ring tone,be feels happy and content.Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Samantha's cat salivates in response to the taste of food in its mouth.Each morning,Samantha places the cat's food on the back porch.When the door to the porch opens,a bell rings.So,each time Samantha opens the door the bell rings.Now,Samantha's cat salivates when the bell rings.Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Through classical conditioning we learn to link

The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is called

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail.The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was a

In Pavlov's experiments,the sound of the tone triggered the dog's salivation.Salivation to the sound of a tone was a(n)

The sea slug Aplysia withdraws its gills if it is squirted with water.If the squirts continue,as they do in nature,the withdrawal response will diminish.But if the sea slug receives an electric shock after being squirted,the withdrawal of the gills grows stronger.In applying classical conditioning to the example of the sea slug,the squirt of water is the

Antonio's football coach frequently yells at him for swearing.As a result,Antonio now experiences anxiety when he's near his coach.The coach is a(n) ________ for Antonio's anxiety.

Samantha's cat salivates in response to the taste of food in its mouth.Each morning,Samantha places the cat's food on the back porch.When the door to the porch opens,a bell rings.So,each time Samantha opens the door the bell rings.Now,Samantha's cat salivates when the bell rings.Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs,the CS was

When Jake is with his girlfriend,he feels so in love,happy,and content.Because he and his girlfriend text and talk on the phone frequently throughout the day,Jake has set up a special ring tone for his girlfriend.Now,when he hears the ring tone,he feels happy and content.Which of the following is the unconditioned response in this example?

Former drug users often feel a drug craving when they are again in places they associate with previous highs.Their reactions are best explained in terms of