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If a supplement label includes a structure/function claim, it also must include


A) an illustration of the supplement's chemical structure.
B) the FDA warning that these claims have not been evaluated by the agency.
C) a reference to a scientific study that supports this claim.
D) a description of the supplement's biological function.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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All of the following are true about the toxicity of vitamin A except


A) one can experience toxic effects from consuming too much beta-carotene.
B) fetal malformation can occur.
C) one is unlikely to get toxic doses from eating food.
D) most adverse effects disappear after megadoses stop.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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____________ are the fm of vitamin A found in plant foods.

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The B vitamins generally function as


A) antioxidants.
B) coenzymes.
C) emulsifiers.
D) reducing agents.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Match the following with the descriptions below

Premises
Anemia characterized by the presence of abnormally large red blood cells
Pigment materials in fruits and vegetables that can be turned into vitamin A in the body
Vitamin A deficiency disease in which the retina cannot adjust to low amounts of light
Skin condition commonly associated with niacin deficiency symptoms
Destruction of red blood cells
Disease process due to vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness
Adult form of rickets
General loss or decrease in mental function
Protein-like compound produced by the stomach that enhances vitamin B-12 absorption
Mature red blood cells
Thiamin deficiency disorder characterized by muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and nerve degeneration
Anemia that results from lack of vitamin B-12 absorption
Disease characterized by poor mineralization of newly synthesized bones due to low calcium content and caused by vitamin D deficiency
Responses
Pernicious anemia
Xerophthalmia
Osteomalacia
Rickets
Erythrocytes
Hemolysis
Night blindness
Beriberi
Dementia
Carotenoids
Dermatitis
Macrocytic anemia
Intrinsic factor

Correct Answer

Anemia characterized by the presence of abnormally large red blood cells
Pigment materials in fruits and vegetables that can be turned into vitamin A in the body
Vitamin A deficiency disease in which the retina cannot adjust to low amounts of light
Skin condition commonly associated with niacin deficiency symptoms
Destruction of red blood cells
Disease process due to vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness
Adult form of rickets
General loss or decrease in mental function
Protein-like compound produced by the stomach that enhances vitamin B-12 absorption
Mature red blood cells
Thiamin deficiency disorder characterized by muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and nerve degeneration
Anemia that results from lack of vitamin B-12 absorption
Disease characterized by poor mineralization of newly synthesized bones due to low calcium content and caused by vitamin D deficiency

Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is


A) milk.
B) pork.
C) whole grain cereals.
D) dark green vegetables.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease


A) pernicious anemia.
B) beriberi.
C) scurvy.
D) pellagra.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following are the best thiamin sources?


A) Pork, whole grains, enriched cereals, legumes
B) Root vegetables, cheddar-type cheese, deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables
C) Ham, vegetables of the cabbage family, whole grains
D) Milk, beef, deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The maj effect of taking high doses of vitamin D is


A) excessive acne.
B) calcium deposits in the kidneys and other organs.
C) limb paralysis.
D) a flaky skin rash.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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All of the following are characteristic of vitamin D except


A) facilitates calcium absorption from the small intestine.
B) is activated by the liver and kidney.
C) prevents osteomalacia.
D) causes rickets.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?


A) They are stored in the body.
B) Excesses are excreted in the urine.
C) They are transported via the bloodstream.
D) They tend to exist in several biologically active forms.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The richest food source of prefmed vitamin A is _______________.

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liver OR p...

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Which of the following vitamins has been helpful in large doses as a treatment f acne?


A) C
B) D
C) A
D) E

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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The body can produce niacin from the amino acid _______________.

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____________ are the fm of vitamin A found in animal foods.

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The vitamin that plays an essential role in amino acid metabolism is _______________.

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vitamin B-...

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Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because


A) it is absorbed and transported via the lymphatic system.
B) its absorption requires bile and fat.
C) it can be formed in the body by skin exposure to the sun.
D) it can be stored.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Overconsumption of vitamins A and E can do all the following except


A) lead to accumulation in the liver.
B) result in toxicity.
C) cure colds and prevent cancer.
D) lead to debilitating side effects.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The first step in ensuring an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals is


A) a diet that matches MyPlate's Daily Food Plan.
B) fortified foods.
C) a multivitamin and mineral supplement.
D) individual nutrient supplements.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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The vitamin that also is considered a hmone is _______________.

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